This Policy Brief focuses at contributions of regional actors to the governance of environmen-tal policies in the Mediterranean. Governance is defined as coordination systems between government, local and regional authorities, international organizations, private actors, com-panies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), producing and implementing public policies. Governance can be institutionalized, ruled by procedures, or by informal rules. Two cases studies are analysed here: Natura 2000 and the prevention and fight against forest fires. Natura 2000 is a top-down governance system, designed at the European level with the intention to implement a coherent network of protected areas in the European Union (EU). The “Prevention and fight against forest fires” case is of national competence and the input from the top has mainly focussed on supporting the implementation of prevention activities. The analysis of the two cases takes place in the framework of the MedGovernance Project and shows that coordination exists between the central and regional territorial levels and that the degree of involvement of regional authorities is related to the degree of decentralization.